Genes Coming of Age in A Separate Peace Essay -- Separate Peace Essay

components Coming of Age in A give out Peace The refreshed, A Separate Peace, by tin can Knowles, is the coming of age story of Gene Forrester. This novel is a flashback to the year 1943, when Gene is attending Devon School during his senior year and the summer before it. Genes young person and inexperience make him ill-equipped to deal with situations that require maturity (Overview A Separate Peace 2). However, Gene is a follower of Finny and therefore gains experiences that provoke his organic evolution into adulthood. Some of these experiences include breaking Finnys leg, training for the 1944 Olympics, and killing Finny. Through these three experiences Gene is forced to grow out of his childish-self and become a man. Gene jounces a limb of the tree he and Finny were standing on, causing Finny to fall and break his leg. Genes jealousy of Finnys perfection causes him to have childish feelings of resentment and hatred. After Finnys leg was broken, Gene realiz ed that there never was and never could have been any rivalry between (Knowles 51) him and Finny. Gene looked at himself and became conscious of what a terrible, self-absorbed friend he had been. Understanding there was no competition caused him to discard the majority of his feelings of jealousy. Getting rid of these feelings made him grow-up because he was no longer spending countless hours believe a childish game was being played between Finny and him. Gene began to understand more than of Finnys goodness and love towards all, making him strive to be more like Finny. When Finny trains Gene for the 1944 Olympics, Gene becomes more mature. Through Finnys coaching of Gene, Gene acquires many characteristics of the already grown-up Fi... ... age of Gene Forrester. Because Finny causes Gene to grow up, we are suitable to realize that one must grow up to move on in life. In that process of growing up, several people impact your life. This novel shows us how our identit y is basically created by those who are present in our lives however we must not measure our abilities against another person (Overview A Separate Peace 2). We are shown how the impact of one person can make a great difference. The goodness in people is what one should always want away from a relationship. This is shown in the relationship between Gene and Finny. The experiences Finny gives Gene cause him to grow up and become a better person because of them. Sources Bryant, Hallman. A Separate Peace the War Within. Boston G.K. Hall & Co, 1990. Knowles, John. A Separate Peace. New York Macmillan, 1961.

Evolution of the Piano Essay -- Music Musical Instruments

Evolution of the PianoDulcimer originally found in Iran curtly after the birth of Christ. The Dulcimer is the basic principles of the piano, hammers striking different ties tuned everyplace a flat soundboard. Dulcimer players used two light sticks ending with broader blades, instead of the automatic hammers.Clavichord built in around 1400, the clavichord had about ten thread and in earlier examples two notes or more than was produced from that string or pair of strings by making two or more tangents contacts the same string or pair of strings at different points. The clavichord has a quiet tvirtuoso, and the way its built allowa for some control of dynamics and stock-still vibrato.The virginal uses the same plucking action as the harpsichord, but it is oblong rather than fender shaped and the keyboard is in the long side. In this regard, it resembles the clavichord in shape. The virginal has one string per note running parallel to the keyboard and its range is approximately four octaves.harpsichord has the string which is plucked by a small plectrum, originally of quill. The revolution of sound from these plucked instruments is achieved not primarily by finger pressure, but more subtly by phrasing and articulation. Variety of tonal color stomach be obtained, on a harpsichord by judicious choice of registration.Cristofori pianissimo - The year 1709 is the one most sources give for the appearance of an instrument which coffin nail truly be called a Pianoforte. The writer Scipione Maffei... Evolution of the Piano Essay -- Music Musical InstrumentsEvolution of the PianoDulcimer originally found in Iran shortly after the birth of Christ. The Dulcimer is the basic principles of the piano, hammers striking different strings tuned over a flat soundboard. Dulcimer players used two light sticks ending with broader blades, instead of the mechanical hammers.Clavichord built in around 1400, the clavichord had about ten strings and in earlier exam ples two notes or more was produced from that string or pair of strings by making two or more tangents contacts the same string or pair of strings at different points. The clavichord has a quiet tone, but the way its built allowa for some control of dynamics and even vibrato.The virginal uses the same plucking action as the harpsichord, but it is oblong rather than wing shaped and the keyboard is in the long side. In this regard, it resembles the clavichord in shape. The virginal has one string per note running parallel to the keyboard and its range is approximately four octaves.Harpsichord has the string which is plucked by a small plectrum, originally of quill. The variety of sound from these plucked instruments is achieved not primarily by finger pressure, but more subtly by phrasing and articulation. Variety of tonal color can be obtained, on a harpsichord by judicious choice of registration.Cristofori Pianoforte - The year 1709 is the one most sources give for the appearance of an instrument which can truly be called a Pianoforte. The writer Scipione Maffei...

Artificial Life :: essays research papers fc

Artificial sustenance (commonly called a-life) is the term applied collectively to attempts being made to take mathematical models and data processor simulations of the ways in which living organisms develop, grow, and evolve. Researchers in this burgeoning field hope to gain deeper insights into the nature of organic life as well as into the further possibilities of COMPUTER science and robotics (see ROBOT). A-life techniques are also being used to explore the origins and chemical processes of metabolism. Some investigators have even proposed that some digital "life" in computers might already be considered a real life form.BackgroundThe term artificial life was coined in the 1980s by Christopher Langdon, a computer scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Santa Fe Institute. Langdon organized the first experimental workshop on the subject at Santa Fe in 1987. Since then opposite a-life conferences have taken place, drawing increasingly wider attention and a growing number of participants.Theoretical studies of a-life, however, had been in progress long before the 1980s. Most notably, the Hungarian-born U.S. mathematician John VON NEUMANN, star of the pioneers of computer science, had begun to explore the nature of very basic a-life formats called cellular automata (see AUTOMATA, THEORY OF) in the 1950s. Cellular automata are imaginary mathematical "cells"-analogous to checkerboard squares-that can be made to simulate physical processes by subjecting them to certain simple rules called algorithms (see ALGORITHM). Before his death, von Neumann had developed a set of algorithms by which a cellular automaton-a cuff shape with a very long tail-could "reproduce" itself.Another important predecessor of a-life research was Dutch biologist Aristid Lindenmeyer. Interested in the mathematics of plant growth, Lindenmeyer build in the 1960s that through the use of a few basic algorithms-now called Lindenmeyer systems, or L-system s-he could model biochemical processes as well as tracing the maturement of complex biological forms such as flowers. Computer-graphics programs now make use of L-systems to yield realistic three-dimensional images of plants.The significance of Lindenmeyers contribution is evident in the situation that so-called "genetic algorithms" are now basic to research into a-life as well as many other areas of interest. Genetic algorithms, first described by computer scientist John Holland of the University of Michigan in the 1970s, are comparable to L-systems. A computer worker trying to answer some question about a-life sets up a system-an algorithm-by which the computer itself rapidly grades the multiple possible answers that it has produced to the question.

History and Memory Essay example -- essays papers

muniment and MemoryIs there such a thing as floor which is more objective than memory? For many years now there has been a strong debate, as regarding wether or not there is such a thing as history that is more objective than memory. Due to memories completely subjective nature, history although also being somewhat subjective, it is a great apportion more objective than memory. To discuss such a statement first one must define the terms history, objective and memory. The Macquarie mental lexicon defines the term memory as the mental capacity or faculty of retaining and reviving impressions, or of recalling or recognising previous experiences. A mental impression retained a recollection. For the purpose of this essay assume history to be the knowledge of what happened, the record or expression of what occurred. The term objective refers to being free from private feelings or prejudice, unbiased. The idea of objectivity involves a belief in the reality of the past, and to the truth as correspondence to that reality. In the light of such definitions memory is only when subjective, with no elements of objective truth. Laurel Hollidays book entitled Childrens Wartime Diaries illustrates how memory is composed of and subjective to ones current emotions and circumstances. Caroline Baum in her article The Childrens Ark and Mark Baker in his novel The Fiftieth Gate both use history and memory to reconstruct their parents past. Throughout their journey of discovering their parents history both authors discern the subjective elements of memory and discern memories subjective characteristics. Such characteristics as personal recall, bias feelings, fragmentation, gaps, forgetfulness and emotions involved... ...http//remember.org/forgotten/index.htmlBurke. P. New Perspectives On Historical Writing, Polity Press, 1991http//remember.org/school/mtimeline.htmlIrving. D. Did Six Million Really Die? http//www.lebensraum.org/english/dsmrd/Collingwood, The Limits Of Historical Knowledge, Ashgate, 1984Bennet, J. Exploring The Holocaust, Bay Books Pty Ltd, 1981Windshuttle, K. The Killing Of History, Macleay, 1994Hamilition, P. The Knife Edge debates about memory and history, Memory and History in the 20th Century Australia, Yale University Press, 1979.Sydney Jewish Museum, 148 Darlinghurst Rd Darlinghurst, (ph) 93607999Baum.C, The Childrens Ark, Good Weekend, November 25, 2000 Halsey, D. and Johnston, B. Colliers Encyclopedia (vol 12), P.F.Collier Inc, 1988.

The Magic Of Queen Essay examples -- Music

Do you ever wonder what an arduous task it is to listen to the music and understand the complexity of it? Just as Walker Percy implies in his essay The freeing of the Creature, people generally tend to divide into two categories when it comes to viewing the issues of invigoration. We pick out the common individuals who notice the complexity of the matters, but who interpret it in superficial managements, and we have the complex individuals who tear through the outer layer and look to find the answers to their questions (Percy . It was not until I remembered an event which took place a hardly a(prenominal) years ago, that I started to apply this simple-sounding division to a process of enjoying the splendor of music.I was sixteen at the sentence, tired of the difficulty of life, and the monotony of the gray faded everyday existence. beingness trapped in the middle of the teenage years seems trivial, and somewhat insignificant now that I understand that the infamous struggle is in fact something which makes life worth living. Nevertheless, at the time of my sweet sixteen I was dissatisfied with the organized routine of my life, and seriously broken-hearted. I remember aimlessly wandering the streets wholeness rainy evening. I never imagined that the weak sound coming from an open window of an apartment complex, and desperately trying to tear its way through the cape of rain would, in fact, later become my ultimate discovery of the real meaning of music. I stood in the pouring rain spell-bound by something that moved(p) my psyche, after tearing through the layer of normality. It was a rock song. inclination, but different in some way a categorization of ethereal mysticism, fancy and strength.It was for the first time that I started looking for complexity in music, not only for... ...e, needed to go on in the hearts of those who loved his music. My soul is painted like the wings of butterflies, Freddie sang. This is exactly the portrait he left i n the minds of his fans. He transferred me into the world of magic and fairytales, and this is what almost everyone of us needs from time to time. A break from reality and real life. Things like that help us all retain sanity on the little apart(p) islands of loneliness, in the sea of people, worries, and everyday problems. Until I arrive on the sandy beach, with a precious disc tucked under my arm, wish me luck naturalise CitedMarcus, Greil, eds. Stranded Rock and Roll for a Desert Island. New York Da Capo Press, 1996. Dean, Ken. Queen. Krakow Wydawnictwo Rock-Serwis, 1992.Percy, Walker. The Loss of the Creature. The Message in the Bottle. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975 46-63. The Magic Of Queen Essay examples -- medicineDo you ever wonder what an arduous task it is to listen to the music and understand the complexity of it? Just as Walker Percy implies in his essay The Loss of the Creature, people generally tend to divide into two categories when it com es to viewing the issues of life. We have the common individuals who notice the complexity of the matters, but who interpret it in superficial ways, and we have the complex individuals who tear through the outer layer and look to find the answers to their questions (Percy . It was not until I remembered an event which took place a few years ago, that I started to apply this simple-sounding division to a process of enjoying the splendor of music.I was sixteen at the time, tired of the difficulty of life, and the monotony of the gray colored everyday existence. Being trapped in the middle of the teenage years seems trivial, and somewhat insignificant now that I understand that the infamous struggle is in fact something which makes life worth living. Nevertheless, at the time of my sweet sixteen I was dissatisfied with the organized routine of my life, and seriously broken-hearted. I remember aimlessly wandering the streets one rainy evening. I never imagined that the weak sound coming from an open window of an apartment complex, and desperately trying to tear its way through the curtain of rain would, in fact, later become my ultimate discovery of the real meaning of music. I stood in the pouring rain mesmerized by something that touched my soul, after tearing through the layer of normality. It was a rock song. Rock, but different in some way a mixture of ethereal mysticism, magic and strength.It was for the first time that I started looking for complexity in music, not only for... ...e, needed to go on in the hearts of those who loved his music. My soul is painted like the wings of butterflies, Freddie sang. This is exactly the portrait he left in the minds of his fans. He transferred me into the world of magic and fairytales, and this is what almost everyone of us needs from time to time. A break from reality and real life. Things like that help us all retain sanity on the little stranded islands of loneliness, in the sea of people, worries, and everyday pr oblems. Until I arrive on the sandy beach, with a precious disc tucked under my arm, wish me luckWork CitedMarcus, Greil, eds. Stranded Rock and Roll for a Desert Island. New York Da Capo Press, 1996. Dean, Ken. Queen. Krakow Wydawnictwo Rock-Serwis, 1992.Percy, Walker. The Loss of the Creature. The Message in the Bottle. New York Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975 46-63.

Boys In The Hood Essay example -- essays research papers

Hood slang for neighbor street fighter or benighted area/life. Before 1991 this concept of hood life was never before portrayed or looked into until John Singleton produced the black social drama Boyz N the Hood. This is the first film by a black director that actually goes deep inside the ghetto or inner city. Singleton carefully directs this film so that it pop outs to mirror the real world having value as a kind of anthropological pick out of an unfamiliar way of life (Thompson 2). Set in lower-middle-class, predominately black, south central Los Angeles, a neighborhood where constant gunshots regularly interrupt study time and the sound of police helicopters flying above is a familiar tune, Boyz N the Hood is basically the story of three teen climb on friends coming of age in black urban America. It is their story of street life where friendship, pain, danger, and love combine to form their harsh reality. Unlike previous films Singleton addresses issues that relate more to th e younger generation of that time. Tre, the main character is obviously the one who is on the right track toward adulthood. He has a job, plans to go to college and, most important (as writer-director Singleton sees it, at all rate) he lives with his father (Tornquist 1). Brothers Doughboy and Ricky, on the other hand, live with their mother and are not good role models. Doughboy drives a fancy car but doesnt appear to have a job, and has been in and out of prison. Ricky does a litt...

Boys In The Hood Essay example -- essays research papers

Hood slang for neighborhood or black area/life. Before 1991 this concept of hood life was never onwards portrayed or looked into until John Singleton produced the black social drama Boyz N the Hood. This is the first film by a black director that actually goes complicated inside the ghetto or inner city. Singleton carefully directs this film so that it appears to mirror the real world having value as a kind of anthropological playing area of an unfamiliar way of life (Thompson 2). Set in lower-middle-class, predominately black, south central Los Angeles, a neighborhood where constant gunshots regularly interrupt study time and the sound of police force helicopters flying above is a familiar tune, Boyz N the Hood is basically the story of three teenage friends coming of age in black urban America. It is their story of street life where friendship, pain, danger, and love combine to form their harsh reality. Unlike previous films Singleton addresses issues that relate more to the y ounger generation of that time. Tre, the main fictional character is obviously the one who is on the right track toward adulthood. He has a job, plans to go to college and, most important (as writer-director Singleton sees it, at any rate) he lives with his father (Tornquist 1). Br differents Doughboy and Ricky, on the other hand, live with their mother and are not good role models. Doughboy drives a fancy car but doesnt appear to have a job, and has been in and out of prison. Ricky does a litt...

The Burden Of Mental Disorders Health And Social Care Essay

Worldwide, the load of mental upsets is immense and at least comparable to the load caused by many an(prenominal) terrible physical diseases 1 . In the WHO Global Burden of Disease undertaking it was estimated that 50 % of all Disability Adjusted Life Years ( DALY s ) in the 15-44 old(a) boards old argon due to psychiatry-related conditions 2 . Recently, depressive upsets were projected to rank 2nd on a list of 15 major diseases in footings of load of disease in 2030 3 .In malice of the many available effectual interventions, they take over limited possible to cut bulge out the entire load of mental unwellness 4 . It has been estimated that the maximal decrease of the entire load of mental disease that can be achieved by intervention in optimum scenes is merely 40 % 5 . Therefore, bar of mental upsets is indispensable. An wasted statement for beef uping the function of preventative psychopathology in public wellness is the fact that at the population horizontal surfa ce, a significant portion of the costs be caused by young instances. The hot instances account for 39.2 % of the costs at the population grade 6 .Unfortunately, there be soon few possibilities for the primary or selective bar of mental disease in the non-referred population. Because enceinte mental diseases have their beginnings early in career 7 , primary bar can be most effectual if started early in childhood, or even before. Indeed, bar of psychosocial jobs may get down before birth.1.4 Gevolgen new quake psychopathologie tijdens de zwangerschapThere is strong grounds that, in line with Barker s foetal beginnings of grownup disease hypothesis a , an menacing mental province of a female person parent during gestation period is an of import and modifiable hazard factor for psychosocial jobs in her kids. The nexus between prenatal matriarchal negative emotions and behavioural and emotional ( psychosocial ) jobs in the progeny has been show in legion carnal surve ies and, more late, in worlds. Two recent reappraisals summarize the consequences of this seek 8 9 . Numerous surveies evidenced that there is a positive association between prenatal anxiety or imprint in the female parent, and cognitive, behavioural and emotional jobs in the kid. For illustration, in a big survey ( N=7448 ) prenatal disquiet of the female parent was related to behavioural or emotional jobs of 4-year-old kids, independent of the female parent s postpartum depression or disquiet 10 . Anxiety in gestation has been related to retard mental and motor offendment, independent of the female parent s postpartum emphasis and depression levels 11 . The inauspicious effects seem to be dateless higher disquiet degrees of the female parents early in gestation were related to an addition in ADHD and other projecting jobs in their 8-9 twelvemonth old kids 12 . An addition in criminalism in the male progeny of female parents who suffered antenatal depression was observed by Maki et al 13 . Davis and colleagues demonstrated that enate antenatal anxiousness and depression were associated with an unfavorable disposition, i.e. infant negative responsiveness which in bend is related to behavioural suppression and societal anxiousness 14 . Chung et Al ground that depression in gestation is associated with growing deceleration, premature birth and more extradural analgesia during bringing. babyren of these adult females are more probably to be admitted on a NICU 15 .Although the mechanisms have non been to the full elucidated, the emphasis endocrine hydrocortisone, which withal seems to play a function in grownup abnormal psychology, has been proposed as the primary biological go-between 9 . Elevated motherlike hydrocortisone degrees might take to cut down ontogeny of the kid. LeWinn and others found that higher maternal hydrocortisone degrees during gestation are associated with decreased childhood IQ 16 .Other mechanisms such a s intoxicant and nicotine ingestion in gestation 17 18 19 and the effects of the postpartum mental status of the female parent ( e.g. with effects for suckling 20 21 ) may be runing every bit best 22 .Whatever the existent mechanisms involved are, there is soon convincing grounds that kids whose female parents suffered from anxiousness or depression during gestation constitute a high hazard group for behavioural and emotional jobs. Early designation and intervention, and sooner even bar of the maternal mental wellness jobs would assist to forestall the same type of jobs in the progeny.1.5 Antenatale depressieUntil pubescence, rates of depression are approximately equal in male childs and misss, moreover from adolescence on, misss suffer about twice every bit frequently of depression than male childs, a rate which remains changeless until climacteric, after which it bit by bit declines 23 24 . During gestation around 10-20 % of all adult females are enduring from de pression or anxiousness, a prevalence that is basically exchangeable to the prevalence outside gestation 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 .Known hazard factors for prenatal depression are immature maternal age 26 , being multipara with a history of obstetric complication 33 , cohabitating 34 , low societal underpin 35 36 , major intent events 37 , low income 38 and a history of physical and/or sexual maltreatment 37 40 41 .Niet gebruikte refnrs 39 43 45 1.6 Antenatale angststoornisAlthough there is a batch more known about depression during gestation, anxiousness upsets are the most ordinary psychiatric upsets in grownups. Anxiety upsets have a 12-month prevalence estimated at 18 % , and are more frequently seen in adult females 42 . A recent reappraisal found that anxiousness upsets are common during the perinatal finish, with rates of generalised anxiousness upset being higher during the perinatal period ( 8,5 % in the 3rd trimester ) than in the general population 44 .Because depression and anxiousness often co-occur 46 , it is likely that adult females who report depressive symptoms during gestation besides experience symptoms of anxiousness. Furthermore, anxiousness upsets are common in the absence of depression, peculiarly in adult females 47 , and the average age of oncoming of many anxiousness upsets is at a child-bearing age 48 . Harmonizing to Moss et Al, hazard factors for anxiousness may be similar to those of depression in pregnant adult females only if this requires farther research 49 .1.7 Socio-economische positieThe socio-economic blank ( kinfolk ) is traditionally defined as the comparative place of a household or person on a hierarchal societal construction, based on their entree to or command over wealth, prestigiousness and power 50 . Different mensurable facets of SEP are normally used in research, such as educational degree, occupational position and income. Educational degree repre sents cognition, accomplishments, attitudes and measures that can act upon health-related behaviour. occupational position is an index of working conditions, power and wellness. Income is associated with material wellbeing and ability to devour goods and services, required for a healthy career 51 52 . These contrasting facets of SEP are known to be positively correlated 53 .A low SEP seems to be a hazard factor for anxiousness symptoms after gestation 54 , although other surveies found no important association between composite SEP and depressive symptoms during gestation 55 56 57 58 59 . In contrast, in a recent reappraisal, Lancaster et Al. presented that both a lower educational degree as a low income have a little association with depression during gestation, but non important in their multivariate analyses B . Unemployment was non even significantly associated with depression during gestation in bivariate analysis B .1.8 Life eventsHarmonizing to Grant et Al and Evans, the chronic psychological emphasis ensuing from a low SEP may be associated with a high exposure to life stressors hundred vitamin D .What is known about the association of major negative life events and anxiety/depression during gestation?1.9 Doel new wave dot onderzoekHypothesis Low socio-economic place is associated with anxiousness and depression during gestation and this association is modified by major negative life events.Hoofdstuk 2. Methoden2.1 StudiedesignThe P5D-study. The Prediction of anxiousness and Depression during Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period the function of Personality ( P5D ) -study is an experimental longitudinal survey in the Dutch primary obstetric attention. The survey aims to develop a hazard starting line based on established hazard factors and personality traits, to foretell ante- and postpartum anxiousness and depression at the for the first time weigh at the accoucheuses pattern. The P5D-study was approved by the Medical Eth ical Committee ( Dutch Medisch-Ethische Toetsingscommissie ( METc ) ) of the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.2.2 Studiepopulatie en dataverzamelingData was collected at multiple assessment transactions ( 1 ) at baseline at the first or 2nd consult at the obstetrics pattern ( largely at the terminal of the first trimester ) ( 2 ) at 24 hebdomads of gestation ( 3 ) at 36 hebdomads of gestation ( 4 ) 6 hebdomads postpartum ( 5 ) 6 months postpartum ( 6 ) 1 twelvemonth postpartum. The present survey involves informations from the baseline appraisal of the P5D-cohort, which ran from April 2010 to January 2011, although the inclusion still continues.Sample choice concerned 35 obstetrics patterns in both rural and urban countries in the four Northern states of the Netherlands Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe and Overijssel. All adult females subscribing up at these obstetrics patterns could come in the survey. The lone adult females who were excluded from encounter were adult females who had no command of the Dutch linguistic communication. The included adult females received an informational bundle about the survey. This bundle contained an information missive, an informed consent, the first questionnaires and a stamped self-addressed envelope. Midwifes handed the bundle to the adult female while explicating and stressing the relevancy of this survey. When adult females agreed to take part, they filled in the printed questionnaires, every bit good as the informed consent and their personal information ( e.g. name, reference, telephone figure and email reference ) at place and sent them to us in the stamped self-addressed envelope.When we received the printed questionnaire, accompanied by the informed consent and the personal information of the participant, we used the supplied electronic mail reference to direct the username and watchword to entree the online questionnaires. Participants were instructed to contact us in instance they had no entree to the cyberspace at any clip during the survey. In response to these state of affairss ( n=3, 0.4 % ) , we sent the extra questionnaires in print to their postal reference, once more accompanied by a stamped self-addressed envelope.2.3 VragenlijstenQuestionnaires in print. The undermentioned questionnaires were handed in print at the obstetrics patternsGeneral information, dwelling of the gestational age and the day of the month of make fulling in the questionnaire, which we used to cipher the maternal age and the gestational age at any minute The Spielberger State Trait Anxiety register ( STAI ) 60 to measure the degree of anxiousness. We used the six-item short-form, because the full signifier would be foreign in the position of high figure of questionnaires. Furthermore, the six-item short-form of the STAI produces tonss similar to those obtained utilizing the full-form 60 . The participant had to bespeak how they felt at the minute of appraisal, giving one of the four replies ( non at all ( 1 ) , slightly ( 2 ) , reasonably so ( 3 ) , really ( 4 ) ) . The six statements are I chance unagitated, I feel nervous, I feel disquieted ( dying ) , I am relaxed, I feel satisfied, I am disquieted. The cut-off set for an at least moderate degree of anxiousness is a?13 in this short-form 60 The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS ) 61 to measure the degree of depressive symptoms. Although the EPDS is developed to measure after gestation, the questionnaire is besides dependable to measure depressive symptoms during gestation 62 . The 10 points are I am able to express joy and see the amusing side of things, I look frontward with enjoyment to things, I blame myself unnecessarily when things go incorrect, I am dying or worried for no good ground, I feel frightened or panicked for no really good ground, Thingss are acquiring on top of me, I am so sad that I have had trouble sleeping, I feel sad or suffering, I am so unhappy that I have been shouting, The idea of harming myself occurred to me. The cut-off mark for an at least moderate degree of depression is a?12 61 An adjusted Negative Life Events Questionnaire ( NLEQ ) 65 , to buttockss major negative life events. We make a differentiation between different periods in life in the period until the age of 16 between the age of 16 and until 2 old ages before gestation in the 2 old ages before gestation. The mentioned life events are divorce ( of a parent, self or kid ) , new relationship, touring, long-run and/or terrible unwellness ( of a parent, sibling, spouse, ego, kid or another of import individual ( e.g. friend, in-laws, a confidential adviser ) ) , decease ( of a parent, sibling, spouse, kid or another of import individual ) , terrible psychiatric jobs ( of a parent, sibling, spouse, kid, self or another of import individual ) , suicide safari ( of a parent, sibling, spouse, kid, self or another of import individual ) , household force, intoxicant or dr ugs abuse within the household or the relationship, being dupe of a offense, being victim of a terrible accident, being victim of sexual maltreatment, being victim of assault, holding an unwanted gestation Online questionnaire. The undermentioned questionnaire was administered onlineSocio-economic place ( SEP, based on educational degree ( self and spouse ) , business ( self and spouse ) and one-year gross household income ) ) was assessed utilizing a questionnaire based on the Leidsche Rijn questionnaire ( Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht ) 68 .2.4 Statistische analyseAlthough P5D contains all above-named questionnaires, merely the STAI ( anxiousness ) , EPDS ( depression ) , SEP ( socio-economic place ) and the adjusted NLEQ ( major negative life events ) questionnaires were necessary to prove our present hypotheses.First, we calculated descriptive statistics for the STAI and EPDS tonss, every bit good as for the five indexs of SEP ( educational degree ( self and spouse ) , business ( self and spouse ) and one-year household income ) and major negative life events.Second, we assessed the correlation between the STAI and EPDS tonss, We averaged the indexs of SEP after standardisation of educational degree ( both ego and spouse ) and one-year household income ( z-scores ) . The lowest 25 % , intermediate 50 % and highest 25 % of the tonss were considered to stand for severally low, intermediate and high SEP.The degree of significance was set at 0.05, reversible. Datas were analyzed utilizing PASW statistics 18.Hoofdstuk 3. ResultatenThe present survey involves informations from the baseline appraisal of the P5D-cohort, which ran from April 2010 to January 2011. A sum of 863 participants filled in a questionnaire, but one hundred fifteen participants ( 13.3 % ) were excluded because they did non make full in the STAI short-form. Exclusion due to non-mastery of the Dutch linguistic communication was non registered.Descriptive stati sticsAnxiety. All of the 748 included participants ( 100 % ) filled in the STAI short-form. From these 748 participants, 108 ( 14.4 % ) scored above the cut-off value ( STAI a?13 ) . A histogram with the frequences of the STAI tonss is presented in figure 1. The average STAI mark was 9.96 ( SD = 2.68 ) . recruit 1 Histogram with the frequences of the STAI tonss. The cut-off mark for an at least moderate degree of anxiousness is STAI a?13Depression. From the 748 included participants, 743 ( 99.5 % ) filled in the EPDS signifier. From these 743 participants, 31 ( 4.2 % ) scored above the cut-off value ( EPDS a?12 ) . A histogram with the frequences of the EPDS tonss is presented in figure 2. The average EPDS mark was 4.67 ( SD = 3.59 ) .Figure 2 Histogram with the frequences of the EPDS tonss. Cut-off value for an at least moderate degree of depression is EPDS a?12Correlation between anxiousness and depressionThe correlativity between anxiousness and depression tonss was strong R = 0. 72, P & lt 0.01 ( Pearson s trial, twain-tailed significance ) . A spread secret plan is presented in figure 3.Figure 3 Scatter secret plan, stand foring the correlativity between the STAI and EPDS tonssSocio-economic place. From the 748 included participants, 342 ( 45.7 % ) filled in all questionnaires about SEP. The descriptive statistics of the assessed indexs of SEP are presented in table 1 ( educational degree ) , table 2 ( occupational position ) and table 3 ( household income ) .Table 1 Descriptive statistics of educational degreeSelfN ( % )SpouseN ( % )Primary instruction ( basisschool, speciaal onderwijs )08 ( 1.9 )Low-level secondary instruction ( LBO-opleiding )1 ( 0.2 )16 ( 3.8 )Middle-level secondary instruction ( bijv. MAVO, VBO )17 ( 4.0 )27 ( 6.4 )vocational preparation ( MBO-opleiding )145 ( 33.9 )182 ( 43.3 )High-level secondary instruction ( HAVO, VWO, Gymnasium )29 ( 6.8 )20 ( 4.8 )Professional instruction ( HBO-opleiding )168 ( 39.3 )122 ( 29.0 )University ( W O-opleiding )68 ( 15.9 )45 ( 10.7 )Entire428420Table 2 Descriptive statistics of occupational positionSelfN ( % )SpouseN ( % )Yes384 ( 89.5 )412 ( 96.9 )No45 ( 10.5 )13 ( 3.1 )Entire429425Table 3 Descriptive statistics of household income ( gross, in euro s per twelvemonth ) N ( % )0 14,99914 ( 4.0 )15,000 30,99958 ( 16.4 )31,000 59,999207 ( 58.5 )60,000 89,99960 ( 19.9 )90.000 or more15 ( 4.2 )Entire354Correlation between different facets of socio-economic place. The correlativities between the five mensural facets of SEP are presented in table 4.Literatuurlijst1. Ormel J, Petukhova M, Chatterji S, et Al. 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The Hippie Movement and the Beat Movemnt

How the hippys got hip with the beat of the trice reason Jack Kerouac once express, the only batch for me are the mad 1s, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything at the same time, the ones who never yawn or say a commonplace thing, but hit the ceiling, burn, burn like fabulous yellow roman candles exploding like spiders across the stars (Kerouac 5). Kerouac was the symbol of the Beat relocation.He was the ungovernable and adventurous man, who during his time was considered an turn outcast, but soon later do way for the counterculture of the flower child coevals. The beats were all about going against social conformity and usual political views (Bennett 340), which mirrored the belief system of the hippies one decade later. This is one of the many reasons why the Beat Movement was the actual beginning of the Hippie Generation and drug epidemic that occurred soon after. The Beat Movement was the main influence on the Hippie Genera tion and drug epidemic.The Beat Movement consisted of a group of American writers and artists touristed in the mid-fifties and earliest 1960s, influenced by Eastern philosophy and religion. William T. Lawlor called the Beat Movement an artistic ordure noted for experimentation and a bohemian lifestyle (Lawlor 70). These individuals involved in the movement believed in spontaneousness and utilized this characteristic to go against the average culture of the 1950s and for personal self-expression through literature and art. Many found their inspiration of spontaneity in the urban environments that surrounded them.Robert Bennett stated that Daniel Belgrad, author of The Culture of Spontaneity Improvisation and the Arts in Post state of war America, argues that the beats were part of a practically larger cultural movement that used spontaneous art to challenge the ideology of corporate liberalism (Bennett 340). Many of the people associated with the Beat Movement help to acquire t he distinct characteristics of this movement. Jack Kerouac was one of the main individuals involved with the movement and was the one who coined the term beat. Beat was a slang term to describe the beaten pull down people in America at the time as Kerouac stated in one of his many interviews. Kerouac wrote one of the main works of literature that describe the Beat Movement and its people, which was his novel On the Road (Lawlor 72). Another individual involved with the Beat Movement was Jack Kerouacs good friend Neal Cassady. Cassady make appearances in many of Kerouacs novels and is known as the symbol of experimentation with drugs and intercourse. Authors Allen Ginsburg and William S. Burrough were as well as important to the movement.Ginsburgs novel Howl and Burroughs novel unsanded Lunch are several(prenominal) of the best examples of Beat Literature. The Hippie Generation came into existence soon after the Beat Movement. Hippies were members of the 1960s counterculture move ment who follow a peaceful and optimistic lifestyle while disagreeing with corporate nationalism and the Vietnam War. The hippies were well known for wanting peace instead of the United States elaborateness in the Vietnam War. Hippies also liked to use bright vivid colors and rebel against the society of America at the time by falling out of school, taking up different religions, and experimenting with drugs.Hippies were usually Buddhists or Hinduisms and sought enlightenment through meditation (Chepesiuk 352). Hippie was not the original term for these rebellious people during the 1960s. Michael Fallon, a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle coined the term hippie (Hippies 148). He said that a hippie was short for a hipster, which is someone popular at that point in time. Hippies, like the beats, turned away from middle-class society and were considered outcasts. Hippies were known as peace loving, nonmaterialistic, and nonconformists (Chepesiuk 351).Many people were involve d during the Hippie Generation. Allen Ginsburg, who was also a part of the Beat Movement, was a part of the Hippie Movement. Ginsburg, like many hippies, took part of the anti-war movement and tried to get the United States to prat out of the Vietnam War. Bob Dylan, a musician at the time, helped with his partakes in drug usage. Drug use during the 1960s was prominent, which is why the drug epidemic began soon after. The Woodstock feast was a gathering of many of the people involved in the Hippie Movement designed to bring peace and music together.That did not end up happening. At the festival many riots and fires occurred causing to create havoc and mayhem. This explains why some historians say the festival was the beginning of the end for the hippies. Bennett once stated that the Beat Movementpowerfully influenced the emerging counterculture of the 1960s by providing an early avenue for social protest and experimentation with alternative lifestyles (Bennett 342). The Beat Movem ent and Hippie Generation had many similarities amongst them since one had influenced the other. twain movements began in San Francisco, California and spread throughout the country, influencing people from all over (Lawlor 70 Chepesiuk 351). Both the hippies and beats were influenced by Buddhism and other Eastern philosophies. Jack Kerouac used Buddhist influences in his writing such as the novel Dharma Bums. Hippies meditated and believed in peace instead of agreeing with the war going on in Vietnam. Hippies also took trips to India in search of spiritual truth and also turned to nature. Hippies believed in Karma which is a radiation diagram of both Hinduism and Buddhism.Another similarity is the roles in society people played at the time in which they existed. Both were looked down upon. Many Americans disapproved of the lifestyle they chose to live. Both also rejected authority and the status quo. Hippies felt their best chance at changing society was to drop out of school and the world roughly them while beats felt traveling around the country would help them defeat the horrors of society. They were both non-materialistic and non-conformists and believed in freedom of expression.Beats showed their expression through literature and art. Both experimented with different drugs and started the drug epidemic which hit in the late 1960s. Allen Ginsburg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti were major figures in the anti-war movements during the 1960s and wrote beat literature during the 1950s (Bennett 343). Another person was Neal Cassady. Neal Cassady was not only the symbol of the Beat Generation, but he was also the symbol of the Hippie Generation (Beat 36). Although the Beat Movement influenced the Hippie Movement, the two had many differences between them.Since styles often change in quickly, the Beat Generation and Hippie Generation dressed differently. The Beat Generation looked more grungy with scruffy chins and mustaches and worn out clothing, while the Hippies wore bright vibrant colors with peace symbols and had long beards. Music also fluctuates so during the Beat Movement many listened to jazz music because it took place during the big jazz scene (Beat 34), while the Hippie Generation started with rock and roll and vinyl music (Hippies 148), such as Pink Floyd and the Jefferson Airplanes (hippie).The die hard different between the two movements was the types of drugs they experimented with even though they both influenced the drug epidemic. The Beat Generation experimented and was mainly known for experimenting with marijuana and amphetamines (Beat 35). The Hippie Generation on the other hand, was known for their drug usage with many different types of drugs, such as LSD, marijuana and heroin (hippie). Even though in that location are many differences, they are all minor while the similarities are major.In conclusion, the Beat Movement did in fact influence the Hippie generation and drug epidemic. Many people oppose to the idea that the Hippie Movement was influenced by the Beat Movement. Some even say that the hippies only came to be around because of the controversy dealing with the Vietnam War. They say that if the Vietnam War did not happen at that time, then the hippies would not exist. The 1960s Counterculture in America states that historian Terry H. Anderson once said that the behavior of the mainstream culture boosted the counterculture.Without racism, war, and campus paternalism, the population of hippiedom would have been proportionately about the same size as that of the Beats in the postwar society (Hippies 248). This quote shows that some historians do believe that the Beat Movement did not influence the Hippie Generation. Also, others say that the Hippies came out only to rebel against the generation before them since the 1950s were all about wholesomeness, prudishness and restraint (Bennett 340). Basically, historians only think the movement was a rebellion against all conformity.If either of t hose oppositions were true, then why are there so many similarities between the two movements? Thus, this means that the hippies were very oft influenced by the rebellion and adventure the beats lived and wrote about. In conclusion, the Beat Movement did in fact influence the Hippie Generation and drug epidemic. The Beat Movement was all about going against the social normalitys of the leave-it-to-beaver lifestyle of the 1950s (Bennett 340). They spent their time experimenting with drug use and sexual freedom (Beat 34) and many Americans disapproved of the lifestyle these young people lead (Lawlor 352).The Hippie Movement was much like the Beat Movement due to the numerous similarities these movements share. Since there are so many similarities between these movements, it is accurate to state that the Beat Movement influenced the Hippie Generation and drug epidemic. Works Cited Bennett, Robert. Spontaneity, The Beat Generation and the Culture of. Beat Culture Icons, Lifestyles, and Impacts. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO, 2005. 340-44. Print. Chepesiuk, Ron. Hippies. The Sixties in America. Ed. Carl Singleton. Vol. 2.Dasadena Salem, 1999. 351-52. Print. Hamilton, Neil A. Hippies. The 1960s Counterculture in America. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO, 1997. 148-50. Print. hippie. Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia. 2005. eLibrary. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York Viking, 1997. 5. Print. Lawlor, William T. Beat Generation. The Sixties in America. Ed. Carl Singleton. Vol. 1. Dasadena Salem, 1999. 70-73. Print. Layman, Richard, ed. The Beat Movement. American Decades 1950-1959. Detroit Gale Research, 1994. 34-36. Print.

Music Piracy: Should It Be Allowed?

File sharing is when people sh be files on their computers with other users. This is d cardinal across the internet and made possible by peer-to-peer programs. These files can be anything pictures, text, pornography, movies, etc. I will be focusing on symphony. The issue is whether or not medical specialty or file-sharing should be level-headedized.When I first tried Kazaa, I was absolutely amazed. With my familys terribly slow internet connection, I would download as much music as I could. I would wait patiently, sometimes 30-45 minutes, for a single song to be downloaded. Then, one day we got a ADSL connection and no one could stop me from downloading music. In a rough estimate, I must have downloaded over 30 gigabytes worth of music in the past few years. Thats a lot of music, music that I would not have heard, artists I would have not discovered, if it werent for file sharing.But all good things come to an end. After losing legal battles with the RIAA (Recording Industry Asso ciation of America) and related parties, Napster started deteriorating. Filters prevented certain artists from being listed in searches and if you had songs by certain artists on your computer, you would be banned. I once started up Napster only to be greeted with this message YOU HAVE BEEN BANNED BY DR. DRE. Along with thousands of other people, I stopped using the program.So what was/is the RIAAs deal? What do they have against file-sharing? The RIAA and many artists olfactory perception that peer-to-peer file-sharing is a violation of copyright laws and is hurting music sales. Some artists feel that P2P sharing is, simply, stealing. That they feel this way is okay. However, the way they went ab surface handling the situation is exceedingly debatable. For the most part it shows the lack of vision and understanding the RIAA and some musicians have concerning the future of music.Why are CD sales down? In 2002, thither was a 10% decline in record sales. The RIAA blame file-sharing, however, they need to consider the following possibilities (1) The state of radio. Clear Channel controls around 60% of oscillate radio. Ever wonder why, no matter what city you travel to, there is forever a radio station with the same format as a station back home. According to Professor James Boyles, this is an example of Clear Channels McDonaldization of radio. Since Clear Channel controls the format and the play lists of the majority of radio send across the country, the type of music that stomachs heard make ups limited to what Clear Channel programmers decide to include on play lists(Boyles).If the listeners dont like what they hear, they wont buy the music. Would the fact that intimately every song on commercial radio is bought and paid for have anything to do with the narrow focus and homogeneous nature of radio? What drives radio is ad and money, not music. A lot of music gets left behind thanks to the current state of radio, that consumers are rejecting it shouldnt be surprising. Theyre creating their own MP3 play lists, and if the labels were smart, theyd be doing everything in their power to be on the play lists of radio stations. Instead, they scream copyright infringement and call their lawyers. (Boyles)The second possibility is price. Music is overly expensive. Sometimes, paying $15 for a CD is just not within peoples budget. What file-sharing has told the recording industry is that a very large number of people are more instinctive to sit in front of their computer and download music, rather than pay for the ridiculously overpriced alternative. Basic economics tells us that as more alternatives become available, prices drop. The recording industry is trying to resist this. Imagine if new CDs were only 5 dollars each. Would you buy more music? I certainly would. Of course, this invites the classic argument, presented by John Syner in his essay Many Things We Pay for Are Free Why would people buy something that they can get for free?Ther e are dozens of companies that sellwater. We pay for TV when there is free programming. We buy books, when we borrow them for free at the library. Why would you pay for a song that you could get for free? For the same reason that you will buy a book that you could borrow from the public library or buy a DVD of a movie that you could watch on television or rent for the weekend. Convenience, ease-of-use, selection, ability to find what you want, and for enthusiasts, the sheer pleasure of owning something you treasure. It could be argued that MP3s are the greatest marketing legal document ever to come along for the music industry. If your music is not being downloaded, then youre in trouble. If you cant give it away, you certainly cant sell it.There will always be a market for CDs because people, especially music collectors, want something tangible. Something with art and liner notes, that they can put on their shelves. I believe the Philosophy of Consumerism fits this topic to a T. Consumerism is the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable.The third and final possibility is that file-sharing is helping the music industry. As I said at the beginning of the essay, file-sharing has allowed me to discover artists that I would not have discovered otherwise. Many times after discovering these new bands/artists I actually did go out and bribe some of their music. Sometimes I went to go see them play live at a local club. But even if I didnt go out and purchase a bands album, I am still benefiting them by downloading their music. If I like what I hear, they get free word of mouth.

Managing Diversity

Consultant R. Roosevelt Thomas argues that it is time to move beyond affirmative go through and apprehend how to manage vicissitude. There atomic number 18 a lot of issues that may be raised in this context Discuss. Comp are best and worst organizations managing form. (Give examples) Introduction vicissitude is a subject that can be very powerful and emotional for everyvirtuoso who deals with it, either directly or indirectly. motley topics deal with issues of being different and alike, zeal and perspiration, sadness and gladness, privilege and lack thereof, culture and religion, tolerance and justice, and hatred and animosity.Diversity challenges and opportunities impact all nations around the world to one extent or an different(prenominal) (Bahaudin and Jatuporn 2009). Human beings differ in age, social and national background, gender, sexual orientation, physical and mental ability, as well as religious belief and worldview. Diversity is a tough issue to tackle beca part it includes more than just race, gender, religion, ethnic origin or age. Every employee has a diverse background and a diverse lop of beliefs. There is no quick-fix when dealing with an issue as complex as change.Valuing, managing, and supporting a diverse workforce can be done successfully only as a longer-term change process and one that must become the way we do backup. Diversity People are not alike. Everyone is different. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work-style, in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, disability, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age.Research on organizational work groups, however, has focused on other forms of diversity including struggles in age, education, firm tenure, and functional or technical background (Jackson et al. , 1995). Diversity in groups an d teams is often portrayed as a positive force leading to effective functioning of the team. It is a source of creativity and innovation that can provide the potential for future development and competitive advantage. Diversity supposedly leads to greater variance in ideas, creativity, and innovation, olibanum generating better group performance (Cox, 1993 Jackson, May and Whitney, 1995).Diversity watchfulness The term diversity worry originated in North America, but has slowly taken hold water in other regions and countries of the world (e. g. , Hays-Thomas, 2004 Kaiser & Prange, 2004 Nyambegera, 2002 Ozbilgin & Tatli, 2008 Palmer, 2003 Palmi, 2001). The following is a brief definition of the term Diversity management refers to the voluntary organizational actions that are designed to defecate greater inclusion of employees from various backgrounds into the formal and informal organizational structures through deliberate policies and programs. Diversity Management is a strateg y to promote the perception, acknowledgement and effectuation of diversity in organizations and institutions.Managing diversity is based on the idea that diversity opens up alternative ways of perceiving, thinking and acting and thus enriches the organizations. The globalization of business is a trend that makes diversity competency crucial for many organizations. Cox (2001) notes, The challenge of diversity is not simply to have it but to create conditions in which its potential to be a performance barrier is minimized and its potential to enhance performance is maximized (p. 6). Diversity management refers not only to those groups that have been discriminated against or that are different from the dominant or privileged groups, but to the mixture of differences, similarities and tensions that can exist among the elements of a pluralistic mixture (Thomas, 2005, p. 93). The concept of valuing differences is the cornerstone of the managing diversity movement. It translates questions of competence into questions of culture. Proponents argue that non-traditional workers who fail to advance are not under qualified, just differently qualified.Ethnic, racial and sexual groups, the reasoning goes, each possess a unique management style that bequeath enable businesses to succeed in the global marketplace. Diversity management is also crucial for sustainable business branch because the increasingly diverse public evaluates organizations on their diversity management. Diversity should be a priority in any organization, because mickle are and will be the major source of competitive advantage. Diverse workforce at all levels should be created and sustained, and the full talent, energy, and ommitment of all employees in meeting business objectives should be engaged. This will help in enabling employees to give their maximum contribution in meeting the high society goals. Advantages of Diversity Management There are some advantages of diversity management, among which are the following 1-It can create a competitive advantage in areas such as marketing, problem solving, and resource acquisition. 2-It shows how the organizations are culturally aware. 3-It helps to use the full potential of all employees.Disadvantages of Diversity Management. Despite the grand rhetoric of its advocates, there is little evidence that diversity management can solve the problems it purports to address. In fact, it may make them worse. As diversity programs proliferate across corporate America, group infighting has become a problem second only to backlash by white men. More and more groups are going at each other, says Morrison. The womens group vies with the black group for promotions. Best Examples of Diversity Management 1. Xerox pioneered the most powerful accountability tool in 1984, when it linked managers compensation to their achievement of the firms highly detailed diversity goals. Since then, many companies have followed suit, including Palmolive, Mead and Pr udential Life Insurance.2. cardinal major departments at Hughes Aircraft lost 10 percent of their bonus pay as a penalty for receiving bad diversity report cards after they failed to hire and promote the requisite number of minorities. The next year they headed the list for behavior modification, having found people to hire whom they previously had said didnt exist, according to Dave Barclay, offense president of work force diversity at Hughes. 3. GE Electrical and Distribution Control are other examples for diversity management. The number of entry-level African Americans recruited and engage has increased by over 10 percent since 1982, and an increasing number have moved into positions of significant responsibility. GE has defined diversity as a twofold concept. First, diversity concerns understanding that the workforce will increasingly include people who are different. Consistent with this change is the recognition that a mix of people who are diverse can result in value add ed and increased productivity.Secondly, GE defines diversity as a comprehension process for developing and maintaining a workplace environment that results in the full utilization of all employees. 4. According to DiversityInc,the leading publication on diversity and business, annually recognizes companies that exemplify meaningful diversity management through their corporate practiceAccenture has been named to the 2012 DiversityInc Top 50 Companies for Diversity list, rising to number 12, up from number 23 last year. This marks Accentures sixth consecutive year on the DiversityInc Top 50 list and its fourth consecutive year in the Top 25.DiversityInc also named Accenture as a 2012 Top 10 Company for both Global Diversity and Supplier Diversity. Accenture has demonstrated strength in the four areas measured CEO Commitment, Human Capital, incorporate and Organizational Communications, and Supplier Diversity. 5. One of the most signification examples of diversity management in Egypt, particularly in Alexandria is the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. The BA strongly believes in the importance of diversity, and it is graceful one of the concepts in recruiting new employees.The BA includes, among its 2500 employees, a variety of employees with different ages, gender, religious and ethnic backgrounds. There is a large number of women working at the BA, among which is a big number in managerial positions. It also includes foreigner employees and internships from all over the world. One of the main objectives of the BA is to serve the whole community, including the incapacitate people (children, young, and adults), who enjoy a variety of services and activities, and there is a large number of tailored activities for them.In this regard, the BA also opens its door and gives sane recruitment opportunities for the disabled. There is a number of employees with different disabilities (blind, on wheelchairs, hands congenital defects) who are working very efficiently to an exten t that they compete with the other employees in a remarkable way, and sometimes they perform even better. The BA also provides equal opportunities to all employees on attending conferences and obtaining trainings and scholarships abroad.The BA, among other organizations in Egypt and internationally, is mute working on including diversity into its organizations thus, it is working on increasing the number of the disabled personnel to reach the standard international percentage. Worst Examples of Diversity Management Phillip Morris (PM) is one of the largest tobacco companies in the world and has nearly 75,000 employees. Women are often assigned to run human resources and corporate communications departments at companies where men reign the management.Phillip Morris claims that the company is always striving to broaden the diversity of our workforce and are continuously working to identify, hire and retain the best qualified individuals, wherever they are located or whatever their b ackground. No wonder they call him the Marlboro Man nine board members, zero women. Cameron International (CAM) provides equipment for the national gas oil industries. The company has 17,000 employees, eight board members, no women in positions of major responsibility. Seven senior executives are listed in the proxy all male.Also, all board members but one is over 60 a sort of reverse age discrimination. Conclusion The globalizing economy and the increase in the number of multinational corporations make diversity management a necessity for companies that want not only to survive but thrive during this time of economic, social, and cultural changes. Diversity management refers to the voluntary organizational actions that are designed to create through deliberate policies and programs greater inclusion of employees from various backgrounds into the formal and informal organizational structures.Diversity management, compared with its predecessors (equal opportunity legislation and a ffirmative action programs), is proactive and aimed at creating an organization in which all members can contribute and achieve to their full potential. The reasons for implementing diversity management include having to adapt to the new pragmatism of a workforce that is increasingly diverse, doing the right and moral thing, and gaining a competitive advantage.The challenge of diversity management is to break the harmful cycle that equates cultural difference with social/economic disadvantages. Therefore, although the emphasis on the business advantage of diversity management is probably a good motivator for companies to enact diversity programs, it does not mean that moral and ethical missions should be neglected or overlooked. To overcome these potential limitations, diversity management has to focus on both enhancing profitability and further social justice.

A Tale of an Hour

The cold gray steel of the axe arced virtuoso last time through the air, the pick burrowed itself one last time into the frozen blanket of snow, and the hand that held it took a final pull, to ensure a secure placement. After a brief pause, George Mallory took a stocky breath, and pulled himself over the crux, and onto the top. Slowly, shakily, he stood up, and took a look around, the freshman time American eyes had seen the world from this vantage point. This was it. He had done it. He was the first American to ever climb Everest.The sky was a most crystalline blue, and clear too, except for the small puffy white clouds in the distant East. George had the most dumfounding view ever seen in all directions he could see for hundreds, probably even a thousand miles. If save others could see this he said to himself. If only he had brought a camera, not only would he be able to show the human race the true beauty still found in nature, he could prove that he had actually accomplished the feat. Hopefully his friends down below could see him on the top.Mallory briefly thought of waving, but the notion chop-chop passed when he realized the absoluteness of his fatigue. He was exhausted, plain and simple. Even after deciding against bringing a stove or any other darkness equipment, his pack still weighed in at about 40 lbs, because of the extra oxygen bottles he picked up from a discarded pile. In fact, George just valued to sit down. He knew though that if he did, he might never again get up. He did however remove the cumbersome pack and launch it to the icy ground.Digging into the main pouch, George hand unveiled a small American flag attached to an aluminum gat. With the side of his ice axe, he pounded the pole into the crust, forever designating that he had soloed the highest mountain on the planet. This task had taken nearly ten minutes, since every swing of the makeshift hammer was like wielding a twenty-pound maul. He reached for his next oxygen bottle, c hanged canisters, and took a few deep breaths of the life giving gas. After completing the task, Mallory once again surveyed his surroundings. He stopped when he go to the East.The once distant fluffy white clouds were closer. Much closer. And the innocent white had begun to turn an angry gray. No longer an innocent few, the clouds had grown in numbers, and anvil-shaped thunderheads were speedily forming. This is not good, he thought to himself. This is very not good. I should get back down to camp six. Maybe even five, if possible. George turned back to the look he came up and began the agonizingly slow descent. Step after step was torture. Knowing he had to hurry was only making his heart pump faster, worsen the situation.Breathing harder and harder, Mallory had to take a few second break after almost every step, until his pulse slowed enough that he could divert a set of his brain to downward progress. Pick. Step. Breathe. Breathe. Breathe. Repeat. Sensing the world around hi m darkening, he looked over his shoulder at the peak. The first cloud had breached the western side of the mountain, his side. This could only correspond one thing. Don t look back any more. George made that mental note to himself. A few minutes later, he felt the first snowflake gently brush his cheek.Realizing he had only reached about 27,000 feet, Mallory now knew that he had to move. He quickened his pace, nearly achieving a slow walk. Step. Step. Step. Step. Breathe. Step. St The old frozen flog tying the crampon to his foot snapped, his foot slid forward, and George was on the move, this time at breakneck pace. On May 2, 1999, Eric Simonson radioed into base camp to report that Dave Hahn, Tap Richards, Jake Norton, Andy Politz, and Conrad Anker had find the body of George Mallory on the side of Mt. Everest, where he perished on June 8th, 1924.

Baptism : Its Meaning and Functions

Baptism By Reshma Soodeen Caribbean Naz atomic number 18ne College In partial fulfilment of the requirements for Course DT 200 Survey of Theology proofreader Mrs. Donnamie Ali Date April 15, 2013 Introduction Baptism seems to be hotshot of the most controversial points of doctrine and at that placefore, there are many traditions and teachings regarding the subject. According to Purkiser (1978), the concept of Baptism varies niftyly in theological signifi chiffonierce as well as mode. In terms of believes, the continuum extends from infant baptism to adult believers baptism.Some groups argue that rich immersion into the water is requirement during baptism, while others argue that it is non. The idea and significance of Baptism varies tremendously in the different branches of the delivery boyian churches. Baptism is mentioned several times in the bible. In Matthews 32-12, John preached to the Jews, that they should abye for their misdeeds in preparation for the coming of the K ingdom. He spoke about Baptism with water as well as baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire. The belief is that Baptism accomplishes the washing outdoor(a) of sin.Acts 238, Then nib said unto them, Repent , and be baptize every one of you in the name of rescuer christ for the remission of sins, and ye sh altogether aim the gift of the Holy Ghost The Bible also states that, on judgement day, Jesus go out judge every last(predicate) who has lived, and separate the saved from the unsaved. The saved will go to eternal conduct in the Kingdom, while in unsaved will be cursed with eternal punishment. (Matt. 2531-46). With this in mind, one can see the immenseness of finding the answer to the question, What can I do to be saved? Romans 3. 23 states that in all shed sinned and fall short of the rain cloud of divinity fudge.This means then that everyone is in need of salvation. According to Acts 4. 12, salvation comes through Jesus deliveryman alone. To be saved one must hear t he intelligent parvenues of Jesus saviour (Romans 1014), Believe that Jesus Christ is the son of immortal (Hebrews 116 Acts 837 Mark 1616 John 824), Repent of our sins (Luke 133), Confess belief in Jesus Christ ( Romans 109), be Baptised (Acts 237-41 Peter 321 John 33-5 Acts 2216 Romans 63-8 Colossians 212 Galatians 326-27 Mark 1615-16 and Ephesians 45), remain congregating and carry ones cross daily (Rev 210 Matt 2413 Luke 923).In the most basic terms, baptism can be thought of as a sign and seal of the covenant of grace. It is a symbol which points to the idea of a greater reality. When the church performs baptism, it testifies to the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ and signifies the sinners union with Jesus in all that he did and accomplished on behalf of mankind. Baptism along with the Lords supper or communion, is also a seal. In baptism the Lord places his mark upon the baptized. The repentant and professing Christian receives the seal of heavens ownershi p. Powell 2008). This paper will look at Baptism with water as well as, its meaning and its functions. What is Baptism? Baptism is the outward sign of accepting Jesus Christ. Although baptism by itself does not save, baptism and salvation goes together. Baptism is something that one does after they have accepted Christ into their lives. thither are many questions surrounding the concept of baptism, two of which are should infants be baptized and should it be full immersion or is sprinkling sufficient? These questions go back to about 400 AD, to a man named Augustine.Augustine came up with the idea of original sin, which means that at birth, everyone inherits the sins of go, and is therefore separated from divinity from the graduation of their lives. Parents were obviously and understandably concerned about this, and decided to baptise their children in the event of them dying before accepting Jesus Christ as their saviour. Since full immersion of infants would have been risky, th ey decided to sprinkle the children with water. Matthew 1810 indicated that children are kept safe by God until they can fully understand the importance of accepting Christ.Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my male parent which is in heaven. (Matthew 1810) (Swindoll n. d) Baptism symbolises Jesuss Death Burial and Resurrection. According to Rice (2000), when the reciprocation Baptism is used in the Bible, unless otherwise stated, it refers to Baptism by water and that the word baptize comes from the Greek word Baptizo, which means to dip, plunge or completely immerse in liquid.The word Baptizo was also associated with the art of dyeing. Just as in the process of dyeing, the material is completely dipped into the dye liquid and when lifted it revealed a new look, so too in baptism the believer is completely immersed in water. Immersion during Baptism symbolises the death of ones sins, and the becoming of a new creature, being born again into the household of God and his son Jesus Christ. afterwards immersion one is raised again from sin, to a new manner through baptism.Baptism symbolises the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Romans 64 states that Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the re directn of the Father, even so we should also walk in newness of career. (Copeland n. d) Baptism symbolises the cleansing of ones soul. Baptism symbolises the washing and cleansing of ones soul. Ananias, when he was sent to Paul in Damascus, said to him arise, and be baptized, and wash external thy sins (Acts 2216).Peter said to the multitude in Jerusalem Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins (Acts 238). Paul, writing to the Corinthians and reminding them of their position in Christ, said but ye are washed, but ye are sanctifie d, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus And to the Ephesians he refers directly to the medium of this cleansing when he says That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word (Eph. 26). (Hoeck 1998). It is the Lords promise that the same way that water washes away dirt, the blood that was shed by Jesus Christ, washes away sins of those who accept him. ( Albani n. d) Baptism is an act of obedience Baptism is an act of obedience, which should be an immediate part of ones acceptance of the gift of grace offered by Jesus Christ. Matthew 2819 says, Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. At the beginning of his creation ministry, Jesus Christ himself took water baptism by immersing in River Jordan in order to fulfil all righteousness. (John 33). The Word of God asks believers to follow Jesuss steps of humble obedience, which includes water baptism. John the Ba ptist called the Jews to confess their sins and demonstrate self-mortification through immersion in the Jordan River. Jesus, who is without sin, joined the crowd at the river and asked John to baptize him.By following his example in the waters of baptism, believers are publicly confessing their faith in the Saviour and identifying themselves with Him. In a conversation with Nicodemus, Jesus declared, I tell you the truth, no one can see the Kingdom of God unless he is born of water and spirit 1 Peter 221, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps Baptism is an act of obedience to God after salvation. (DeMichele n. d) Baptism unites believers with ChristBaptism represents the sinners spiritual union with Jesus in his death, burial and resurrection. Romans 6. 1-5, What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may burst? God forbid. How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein? Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection Those who are united with Christ died when Christ died, were buried when Christ was buried and just as Christ rose, they too rise out of the water to a life of righteousness. Of course the dying, burying and rising are all symbolically represented in the act of baptism. Because of their unity with Christ by faith, they receive the benefits of Jesus death, burial and resurrection.Believers, through faith, participate in all that Jesus did and therefore, baptism can be seen as a picture of that spiritual reality. Baptism is the sacrament that unites believers with Jesus Christ and makes them members of Gods family. Through the power of the Holy Spirit, baptism initiates believers into the Church, bestows the promise of Gods grace upon them, assures that God will forgive their sins and calls them to a life of Christian work and fulfilment. Through baptism believers father adopted sons and daughters of the God.At the very moment of adoption, the children of God receive their inheritance which is eternal union with God. (Brito, 2008) Baptism provides an eschatological confidence that the life in Christ is a never ending life. Now if we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him Knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more death hath no more dominion over him. For in that he died, he died unto sin once but in that he liveth, he liveth unto God. (Romans 68-10). These verses reveal an important link between the doctrine of baptism and the doctrine of eschatology.Because one is united with Christ, in his death and his resurrection, through Baptism, the believer has c onfidence of a future resurrection. Baptism makes the believer an adopted child of God, a sharer in Gods nature, a co-heir with Christ, and a temple of the Holy Spirit. Baptism is said to be the seal of eternal life. This seal is for the day of redemption, when Christians who is faithful to the seal, will die narked for eternal life, with the hold of seeing God. The eternal life that is verbalise about here is a life that is meant to be enjoyed in the Kingdom of God.John 316 states, For God so loved the world, that he gave his only get Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. This clearly states that the condition for having eternal life is believing and identifying with God. Baptism into death followed by a figurative resurrection to newness of life constitutes the way of salvation. Romans 116, For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth to the Jew first, and also to the Greek, clearly states that salvation is reserved for those who truly worships. Powell 2008) Baptism has a corporate significance According to Powell (2008), baptism has a corporate significance. Baptism along with the Lords Supper (communion), establishes the church as the body of Christ. This means that the entire church is the body of Christ and lives in union with God. The focus here is not the number of members in the church, or their great diversities, but that together they make up the body of Christ. For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body so also is Christ. (1 Corintians 1212). Water baptism as well as acceptance into church membership, are practices taught and commanded in the scriptures. The function of baptism however, is to recognise and not to effect unquestionable membership in Christ. Kay (2003), states that since the early years of Christianity baptism has been considered the rite of initiati on into the Christian community. In the body of Christ, all members share in a common dignity, and therefore, there is no inequality resulting from race, nationality, social status or sex.The Apostle Paul states, There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling Likewise 1 Corinthians states, For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one bodywhether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or freeand have all been make to drink intoa one Spirit In Baptism believers change masters, and separate themselves from the world of sin. Baptism represents a change of masters. Man passes from one master to another. Everyone must have a master and by divine grace, some have already chosen their master by accepting Jesus Christ as their saviour.Those who now believe in Jesus Christ and are now free from sin, was once living in sin and were slaves of sin. In Romans 6, Paul described sin as a cruel, master that enslaves humans and uses them as tools of wickedness. Altho ugh Christs death has made it possible for one to be freed from sin, it does not mean that one is free to follow his or her own path. What it means is that one has had a change of masters, and should live in a way that will be gentle to Christ. Believers would have experienced a change of ownership, and as a result they now belong to a loving, holy and righteous God.They now strive towards the intention of obedience to God which will result in eternal life. Paul wrote, Thanks be to God that though you were slaves of sin, you succeeded from the heart the pattern of teaching which was delivered to you, and having been made free from sin, you have become slaves of righteousness. (Romans 6 17-18) (Newton 1998) Paul indicated that there were two elements involved in liberation from the control of sin. Firstly one must obey from the heart, and therefore forcing someone to ritualistically obey has no value.Paul stated that one dies to sin and is liberated from its control when one is b uried with Christ and is motivated to obey God baptism is the moment when their ownership changes. Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. For he that is dead is freed from sin. (Romans 66-7). This doctrine of sanctification, developed by Paul, is normal and expected of believers as a result of their union with Christ, through Baptism. The former self is dead by celibacy of immersion into Christ and therefore the believer is no longer a slave of sin.Baptism signals and signifies a new master, Jesus Christ. 2 Corinthians 517 states , Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation, old things have become new. Therefore having died to sin in baptism, the new man in Christ is now freed from sin. Baptism is a covering in Christ Nakedness was depicted as a state of sin (Rev 1615), when sin first entered the world, that moment of disgrace and fear, when Adam and Eve recognised that th ey were naked and made garments out of fig leaves to cover their nakedness (Gen 37).God assured them that their man-made covering was not enough to absolve their sins, and he stripped them of it and provided them a covering of his own. Just as Adam and Eve were covered with the covering of the Lord, so too, believers must also put on Christ, and baptism is the divinely appointed way of doing this. For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. (Gal 326-28) Conclusion The idea and practice of baptism seems to be a divisive subject in the Christian community. Some deal that it should be reserved for people who are old enough to make a mature commitment to Christ, while others believe that it is legitimate for the children of Christian parents to be baptised as a sign that the family is united in following Christ and to save the child in the event that he or she does not get the opportunity to accept Christ before dying. Nevertheless baptism is regarded as an outer expression of an inner spiritual reality.It symbolises Jesuss death, burial and resurrection and unites believers with Christ in the Kingdom of God. Baptism itself does not save, and therefore a person must be a Christian before the actual, public water baptism. Repenting of sins and accepting the dedicate of Jesus on the cross is what assures believers of salvation. When believers come to Jesus in this way, they are completely forgiven of their sins by God. This is atonement. When a person accepts Jesus, the Holy Spirit dwells in their hearts, and they become new creations, with a new hope and a changed life direction.They are set free from the power of sin to live a new life in Christ. This is redemption. Such peoples hope is in Gods kingdom. They seek Jesus and his Kingdom as of f irst priority. (Matt 633) They become children of God. They are saved and God sees them as his precious children. As they live out their journey on earth, they grow in Jesus likeness, his holiness, and in his image. This is sanctification. Baptism is a symbol and public declaration of faith. It reveals atonement, redemption and sanctification. Baptism was commanded by God. It is an act of obedience. In the New Testament, baptism is about conversion and discipleship.Baptism has corporate significance. The church is seen as a separate entity from the world, and faith and baptism are the distinguishing marks of followers of Christ. Baptism is the sign of becoming a disciple of Jesus (Matthew 2818-20) it is dying to the old, pre-Christian way of life and rising again to a new life as a follower of Jesus (Romans 61-11) it is new birth into the Kingdom of God (John 35). As a disciple of Christ, its important to publicly stand with Him in celebrating a new life. That makes baptism a great first step for a new follower of Christ to cut ReferenceAlbani, F. Is baptism necessary for salvation? http//www. bibleprobe. com/baptism. htm Retrieved on 26/03/2013 Brito, U. United with Christ in Baptism. http//apologus. wordpress. com/2008/10/31/united-with-christ-in-baptism/ Retrieved on 26/03/2013 Copeland. K. Understanding Water Baptism http//www. kcm. org/real-help/article/understanding-water-baptism Retrieved on 01/04/2013 DeMichele, R. Beleivers baptism in the Bible. http//www. biblebelievers. com/DeMichele1. html Retrieved on 23/03/2013. Hoeck B. Repentance & Baptism Coming to God. http//www. truthontheweb. org/baptism. tm Retrieved 26/03/2013 ( copy this address into the address bar and it will open) McPherson J. primaeval Wesleyan Society http//www. fwponline. cc/v16n1/v16n1joemac. html Retrieved on 01/04/2013 Newton, B. (1998) A change of ownership. http//www. sjchurchofchrist. org/websitepublisher/a-change-of-ownership-. html Retrievedon 12/04/2013 Swindoll, R. (n. d) Signposts Along Lifes Journey (1997), Insight for Living. http//www. clarifyingchristianity. com/get_wet. shtml Retrieved on 10/04/2013 http//www. biblelight. org/bs15. htm http//www. atgrace. com/ breeding/general/baptism/purpose-baptism